The iconic Golden Gate Bridge has a dark side. Historically, an average of 30 people each year have climbed over the four-foot railing and jumped to their deaths. Not anymore. In the second half of 2025, there were no confirmed suicides.
What’s different? And are would-be jumpers now dying by suicide in other places or using other means? The answers to these questions are important in themselves and for suicide prevention more broadly.
The Net
The answer to the first question—why the suicide rate has plummeted at the Golden Gate Bridge—is easy: a “suicide deterrent system” or, more simply, a net, was completed in early…
The iconic Golden Gate Bridge has a dark side. Historically, an average of 30 people each year have climbed over the four-foot railing and jumped to their deaths. Not anymore. In the second half of 2025, there were no confirmed suicides.
What’s different? And are would-be jumpers now dying by suicide in other places or using other means? The answers to these questions are important in themselves and for suicide prevention more broadly.
The Net
The answer to the first question—why the suicide rate has plummeted at the Golden Gate Bridge—is easy: a “suicide deterrent system” or, more simply, a net, was completed in early 2024.
The official Golden Gate Bridge website explains: “The net consists of marine-grade stainless steel netting installed 20 feet below the sidewalks and extending out 20 feet over the water. Jumping into the net is designed to be painful and may result in significant injury.” The net is invisible to normal pedestrians, but visible to anyone leaning over and looking down.
The net represents an enormous investment of time and resources. The idea of a barrier or net of some type is nearly as old as the bridge itself. But it was the advocacy of the families of three people who died by suicide that began in 2006 that eventually made the net a reality.
That’s almost two decades of advocacy, planning, and construction. The total cost was approximately $224 million, but it is impossible to put a dollar value on a life saved. Suicide in particular leaves an indelible scar on family and friends. Preventing 30 suicides each year justifies the investment.
Substitution Effect?
Which brings us to the second, more difficult, question: Is the net saving lives or just diverting people to a different place or method? It is too early to answer this question with certainty, but the existing evidence overwhelmingly suggests that the net will save many lives.
The Golden Gate Bridge is the number one location for suicide in the world. Precisely because so many people die there, it has been extensively studied. The bridge is more than 200 feet above the strait below, so very few survive the jump.
A 1975 study interviewed 10 jump survivors from two bridges in the San Francisco Bay area. It concluded that there is “a unique association between the Golden Gate Bridge and suicide.” Specifically, four out of the six surviving jumpers from the Golden Gate Bridge explicitly said that they would not have used any other method of suicide.
Later studies are consistent with this early finding. In one study, researchers interviewed people who had gone to the Golden Gate Bridge with the intent to jump but had been restrained. This allowed for a much larger sample size: 515 people who were prevented from jumping between 1937 and 1971. By 1978, only 6 percent of that sample had died by suicide or under circumstances suggesting suicide.
A 2009 study combined case histories with a review of the literature on the effectiveness of suicide barriers. Its conclusion was:
Overall, the data on barriers at jumping sites show that they are effective in reducing suicides from the site itself. In addition, no study has found an increase in suicides from other nearby structures after a barrier is built.
Means Restriction
The net at the Golden Gate Bridge may well prove to be the most effective example ever of a broader suicide prevention strategy known as “means restriction.”
Because suicide is often impulsive, restricting access to any particularly attractive, accessible, and lethal method (firearms, for example) can save many lives. Overall, 90 percent of survivors of serious suicide attempts go on to die of causes other than suicide.
The key is preventing that one fatal attempt, whatever the method. Most people change their minds and decide to live. The Golden Gate Bridge net will save even more lives if we understand and act on its broader lessons.