Context: This is how I approach reusable UI as an engineer who cares about consistency, accessibility, and developer experience, even on small teams and solo builds.

AI assist: ChatGPT helps me outline docs and tighten wording. The code choices, constraints, and results come from my own builds, audits, and reviews.

Status: 2025 playbook based on how I’ve been structuring my Gatsby portfolio and other React projects while I finish my degree and keep shipping.

TL;DR

I try to build UI systems the same way I build production software: translate intent into predictable patterns, document decisions clearly, and keep accessibility and maintainability in mind. My stuff leans opinionated and a little over-structured because I want it to survive edits, handoffs, and future me forgetting why I did something.

In practice, I lean on:

• Tokens and primitives (mostly CSS custom properties + reusable components) to encode intent.
• Documentation patterns (recipes, reality blocks, checklists) to prevent drift.
• Accessibility defaults and lightweight audits so the system stays usable, not just good looking.

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Reality snapshot

• Where this is applied: My Gatsby portfolio/blog, school projects, and small React apps where I want consistent UI without rewriting styling rules on every page.
• Tooling I actually use: Gatsby + React, MDX, TypeScript (when the project calls for it), ESLint/Prettier, Lighthouse, basic accessibility checks (keyboard navigation, headings/labels, contrast), and Playwright smoke tests on deploy previews for flow-heavy projects. Axe automation is still being rolled in.
• What I’m not claiming: I’m not running a full enterprise design-system pipeline. I’m not consistently shipping versioned npm packages for a design system, and I’m not running visual regression testing as a hard gate on every project.
• What I do have: A repeatable way of building components, keeping styles consistent, and documenting decisions so the site stays maintainable.

Table of contents

• Reality snapshot
• Why I take design systems seriously
• Over-structuring is a feature
• How I translate design into code
• CSS architecture and constraints
• Accessibility is part of the API
• Documentation as a first-class deliverable
• Design system starter kit (my 2025 version)
• Collaboration habits that keep changes shippable
• Receipts from my own builds
• Working across design and engineering
• What I care about building next
• Closing thoughts

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Why I Take Design Systems Seriously

Design systems are not just styling. They are a contract.

Even on a small project, UI breaks down when the rules live in someone’s head. That’s when you get drift: spacing starts to vary, buttons feel different across pages, and you end up with random one-off styling fixes that are hard to unwind later.

I learned that a lot of UI issues aren’t “design problems.” They’re consistency problems caused by unclear patterns and missing documentation.

When I build a reusable component, I’m not only thinking about how it looks on one page. I’m thinking about how it behaves when:

• It gets reused across multiple pages
• It needs responsive layout behavior
• Someone updates it later without context
• Accessibility needs tighten up
• The site grows and “quick fixes” start stacking up

That’s why I push structure early. It saves time later.

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Over-Structuring Is a Feature, Not a Flaw

I used to worry that I was adding too much ceremony. Then I ran into the same class of problems repeatedly: unclear props, inconsistent spacing, and components that slowly turned into “do anything” blobs.

So now I try to separate three things as I build:

• Intent: what the component is for
• Implementation detail: what can change without breaking consumers
• Consumer API: what other code should touch (props, variants, and documented usage)

This shows up in how I organize components, tokens, and docs.

I prefer systems where spacing, color, and typography decisions don’t get scattered across random files or inline overrides. Instead, I centralize them behind a small set of variables and patterns.

Sometimes I still use UI libraries depending on the project. When I do, I try to rely on theme-level configuration and composition more than ad-hoc overrides. I want the system to feel predictable to the next developer.

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How I Translate Design Into Code

I treat UI decisions like data, even when I’m working without a formal design handoff.

My first step is usually “pattern spotting”:

• What repeats?
• What should scale across breakpoints?
• What’s a real variant vs. a one-off?
• What can be standardized into a token?

From there I map it into abstractions developers expect:

• Tokens via CSS custom properties for things like spacing, radii, and colors
• Constrained variants for components instead of “pass any class”
• Reusable layout wrappers instead of rewriting layout rules every time

I’m not chasing perfect parity on the first pass. I’m chasing predictable evolution. I want it to be obvious where changes should live when the site grows.

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CSS Architecture and Constraints

CSS is powerful, but it gets messy fast without boundaries.

In my projects, I try to keep CSS:

• Predictable (low specificity, few surprises)
• Consistent (shared variables and repeated patterns)
• Responsive (layouts that don’t collapse weird on mobile)
• Debuggable (simple selectors, clear ownership)

Even when using modern tooling, the fundamentals still matter: flow, containment, inheritance, layout, and the cascade.

CSS custom properties do a lot of work for me because they’re transparent and flexible. If something feels off, I can inspect it quickly and trace where it came from.

Animations exist, but I keep them restrained. If motion doesn’t improve clarity or hierarchy, it’s probably noise.

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Accessibility Is Part of the API

Accessibility is not something I want to “add later.” It shapes how components should be built.

In practice, that means I aim for:

• Semantic HTML first
• Keyboard navigation that makes sense
• Clear labels, headings, and focus states
• Contrast that isn’t fragile

My approach is not perfect, but it is consistent. I do a lot of basic checks that catch the majority of issues early, especially on content-heavy pages like my blog.

I also don’t pretend that a visually correct UI is automatically usable. I try to validate behavior, not just appearance.

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Documentation as a First-Class Deliverable

Documentation is part of shipping, especially when UI patterns are reused.

Good docs answer:

• What this is for
• When to use it
• When not to use it
• What assumptions it makes
• What is intentionally out of scope

I write documentation mostly to reduce future confusion. If a system requires tribal knowledge to use, it will fragment.

This is also why I care about contribution habits like code reviews and clear PR descriptions. Even on solo projects, I treat my repo like someone else will inherit it later.

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Design System Starter Kit (My 2025 Version)

This is what I actually use or aim for in my projects, without pretending it’s an enterprise pipeline.

• Tokens as the baseline: CSS custom properties for spacing, typography scale, radii, and colors. When I add a new value, I try to do it as a token first instead of a one-off.
• Layout patterns: A small set of reusable layout components or classes (sections, cards, grids, stacks) so pages don’t become unique snowflakes.
• Constrained variants: Buttons, badges, and cards usually expose a few variants and sizes. I avoid “pass any className and hope” unless it’s a deliberate escape hatch.
• State handling: Disabled and loading states are treated as real states, not afterthoughts. If the UI can be in that state, it should be styled and understandable.
• Lightweight validation: Lighthouse runs, keyboard walkthrough, basic contrast checks, and quick manual spot checks across breakpoints. Axe automation is still on deck.
• Docs scaffolding: For the parts I reuse the most, I keep short docs that include intent, usage examples, and “don’t do this” notes.

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Collaboration Habits That Keep Changes Shippable

A lot of my work is solo, but I still try to build habits that translate to team environments:

• I write PR descriptions as if someone else will review them later.
• I keep notes about what a change impacts (layout, typography, components, content).
• If a change risks breaking UI, I test it across desktop and mobile widths before calling it done.
• I try to leave “why” breadcrumbs in commit messages, not just “what.”

On teams, I think most UI chaos comes from missing intent and unclear ownership. My default move is to make the decision explicit, then make it repeatable.

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Receipts From My Own Builds

These are examples of how I’ve been applying this on my own site and projects, without overselling it.

Area	What I shipped	Practices applied
Gatsby portfolio/blog	CSS variable tokens in src/styles/global.css, MDX shortcodes (Callout/Aside/Tip) to keep posts consistent, and built-in skip link/back-to-top controls.	Documented content patterns in docs/content-authoring.md, predictable section/card layouts, Lighthouse + keyboard spot checks.
Interactive Pokédex (GitHub Pages)	Vanilla JS + Tailwind build with labeled search, accessible sprites, caching, and clear rate-limit messaging.	Lighthouse scores logged in the repo, keyboard walkthroughs per README, planned Jest + Playwright tests noted in the post.
CheeseMath (Card Obscurer)	Luhn validation, inline errors, ARIA labels; CodePen prototype graduated to a GitHub Pages demo.	Reality block lists mobile Safari quirks; next steps are axe/Lighthouse audits and unit tests before calling it portfolio-ready.

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Working Across Design and Engineering

I’m comfortable sitting between design and engineering because I’m used to translating intent into constraints.

I don’t try to redesign someone’s work. I try to clarify it, and then encode it into predictable patterns.

When there’s tension between design fidelity and engineering constraints, my preference is to surface it early and make the tradeoff explicit rather than silently compromising.

Most friction comes from ambiguity. Clarity solves more than arguing about implementation details.

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What I Care About Building Next

I want to work on UI systems that feel like infrastructure.

That means systems that:

• Are used by multiple developers or teams
• Need stability over time
• Balance flexibility with consistency
• Treat accessibility and predictability as core requirements

I’m not chasing novelty. I care about systems that quietly work, scale, and reduce cognitive load for people building product UI.

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Closing Thoughts

I’m not a visual designer. I’m an engineer who cares about UI being consistent, accessible, and maintainable.

I default to structure because ambiguity doesn’t scale. I write docs because people deserve clarity. And I try to build systems that make the correct thing easy and the wrong thing harder to do by accident.

If there’s one theme across my projects, it’s this:

good systems keep shipping because they stay understandable.