Many forms of static reasoning about program behaviours are known in the literature, yet formal relationships are studied surprisingly infrequently. While most type systems are well-known to be captured by abstract interpretations, the situation for type-and-effect systems is, in the general case, unsettled despite strong hypotheses and occasional framing of effect systems as abstract interpretations. We develop a formal relationship between abs... Read more ›
Transcription elongation factors associate with RNA Polymerase II to regulate gene expression and coordinate chromatin regulation and RNA processing. This study presents an evolutionary analysis of ten core transcription elongation factors and shows that all ten factors originated in the last eukaryotic common ancestor and display both conserved and lineage-specific domains. Read more ›
Proper TCP socket splicing reduces the load on userspace processes and enables more efficient data forwarding. We realized that Linux Kernel's SOCKMAP infrastructure can be reused for this purpose. Read more ›
Social stress, beneficial for evaluating threats and resource opportunities, influences the development of anxious and depressive disorders. Stress responses are initiated via a pro-stress circuit in the anterior region of the basolateral amygdala (aBLA). This circuit contains pyramidal glutamatergic neurons that express genetic markers Camk2α, Rspo2, and Hcrtr1, which enhance stress-vulnerable behaviors via Orx1R activity, and are inhibited directly by Orx2R activation on Gad1, Hcrtr2, Cck G... Read more ›
A new series reverse-engineering Apple's internals. Read more ›
Edge devices now behave like cloud systems, and software has outgrown cross-compilation. Why a growing class of small teams needs a build system shaped for that job. Read more ›
Mitochondrial diseases frequently affect the brain leading to severe and disabling neurological symptoms. The heteroplasmic m.3243 A > G mutation in MT-TL1, encoding mt-tRNALeu, is responsible for ~80% of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), which is one of the most characteristic mitochondrial syndromes, leading to disability and early death. There are no animal models harbouring this mutation to provide precise mechanistic insights informing th... Read more ›
Is it possible to create an application that behaves differently based on which website it is downloaded from? At first glance, this seems impossible if the problem is interpreted strictly: the dow… Read more ›
FSI languages, DLI languages, Peace-Corps languages, Shtooka, audio-collections, Cortina courses Read more ›
The standard convex-algebra interchange axiom, common to probability-monad formalisations since Stone, is provably too weak to support full Bayesian conditioning. We make this precise in Cubical Agda: finite distributions as a higher inductive type, conditional independence as a cubical path between kernels, recursive Bayesian conditioning as a total function on a full-support fragment. Lifting conditioning to the full HIT exposes a structural... Read more ›
You'd think that given the same bytes of input you'd get the same bytes of output. lol. lmao. No, you don't. It's complicated. Read more ›
Holy Moly! I cannot find this page anywhere! Check if the url is right. If you came using a link, ops, I believe I’ve deleted this page… Read more ›
We've all heard people say that Qwen is near-Sonnet level, or near-Opus, but I have receipts and am here to be transparent with you. Read more ›
To efficiently perceive sensory information and guide behavior, the brain organizes incoming sensory stimuli into internal maps that capture perceptual relatedness between stimuli. Whether these maps, typically assessed in scaling paradigms without feedback, also shape perceptual decisions during reinforcement-based conditions remains unclear. Here, we assess task-naïve perceptual maps from similarity judgments of pulsed sound stimuli, and compare them to perceptual maps obtained from multipl... Read more ›
A quantum computer based on trapped ions can connect any two quantum bits, reaching performance levels that conventional computers cannot match. A quantum computer based on trapped ions can connect any two quantum bits, reaching performance levels that conventional computers cannot match. Read more ›
If you're new to Iroh, my mental model is roughly "Tailscale at the application layer instead of the network layer". Read more ›
terminals really want text to be a 2d grid of characters which can be rendered by just mapping each character onto a box on the screen. now, if your language uses a latin script, this can probably be made to work good enough. unfortunately, it turns out that language is complex, orthography is complex, and if you try to generalize this approach to text rendering to handle unicode properly, you're gonna end up with Problems Read more ›