Inference with few treated units (opens in new tab)

In many causal inference applications, only one or a few units (or clusters of units) are treated. An important challenge in such settings is that standard inference methods relying on asymptotic theory may be unreliable, even with large total sample sizes. This survey reviews and categorizes inference methods designed to accommodate few treated units, considering cross-sectional and panel data methods. We discuss trade-offs and connections ...