The Covariate-Assisted Bayesian Intransitive Bradley-Terry Model via Combinatorial Hodge Theory (opens in new tab)

Pairwise comparison data are widely used to recover latent rankings, yet the models in dominant use assume stochastic transitivity. When preferences are in fact intransitive, a single scalar strength conflates genuine hierarchy with cycle-induced structure, biasing both the recovered ranking and any covariate effects attributed to it. To address this limitation, we propose the Covariate-Assisted Bayesian Intransitive Bradley-Terry (CA-BIBT) ...