Instrumental Variable Analysis Without Structural Equations (opens in new tab)

We consider debiased inference on least-squares solutions to inverse problems as a way to avoid having to assume exact solutions exist. Such assumptions are substantive and not innocuous and their failure may well imperil inference when we impose them on the statistical model. Our approach instead allows us to conduct inference on a quantity that is defined regardless of solutions existing and coincides with the usual estimands when they do. For...