The role of asymmetric time delay and its structure in 1D swarmalators (opens in new tab)

Swarmalators are a class of coupled oscillators that simultaneously synchronize in both space and phase, providing a minimal model for systems ranging from biological microswimmers to robotic swarms. Time delay is ubiquitous in such systems, arising from finite signal propagation speeds and sensory processing lags, yet its structural form, whether symmetric or asymmetric, has received little attention. Here, we study a one-dimensional swarmala...