Supercooling of liquids, as described by the Enskog-Vlasov kinetic equation (opens in new tab)

A model combining Enskog's collision integral for dense fluids with a Vlasov-style description of the van der Waals force is applied to supercooling. First, the spinodal temperature $T_{s}$ is calculated, at which a liquid becomes unstable to small perturbations and transitions to solid. In particular, it turns out that isochoric cooling allows one to reach a lower temperature than isobaric cooling. Second, the surface tension of a supercooled l...