Sandbox-Enabled Digital Twin for Cyber-Physical Systems (opens in new tab)

Cyber-physical system (CPS) controllers are vulnerable to faults and malicious attacks, including failures triggered only under complex plant conditions, yet pre-deployment validation typically relies on plant models or digital twins that exercise the controller's I/O as a black box. Side-channels, used to detect those run-time behavioral anomalies, are complementary but also open-loop, detached from I/O instrumentation, and driven by synthetic ...