False Positives, False Negatives, and the Detection-Only Problem: A Hierarchical Model for Species Occurrence with Observation Error (opens in new tab)

Monitoring species occurrence is essential for understanding biodiversity change, informing conservation decisions, and assessing the impact of environmental pressures on ecosystems. Species occurrence data arise from different survey designs, and the statistical literature has developed distinct corresponding modelling approaches, namely occupancy models, species distribution models, and presence-only methods, whose fundamental connections have...