Breaking the code: Multi-level learning in the Eurovision Song Contest (opens in new tab)

Luis A. Nunes Amaral; Arthur Capozzi; Dirk Helbing R Soc Open Sci. (2026) 13 (4): 251727 . Organizations learn from market, political and societal responses to their actions. While in some cases both the actions and responses take place in an open manner, in many others, some aspects may be hidden from external observers. The Eurovision Song Contest offers a mostly open-data case in which to study organizational level learning at the levels of organizers and participants. We present here evid...