The Longest Night: break four ciphers before sundown, then answer Turing's question (opens in new tab)

This is a submission for the What I Built The Longest Night is a browser game about codes, daylight, and one impossible question. It's June 21 — the solstice — and you're the night-shift cryptanalyst at a remote listening station. Four encrypted transmissions arrived at noon. Command wants them broken before the sun goes down, and the sun is going down: an animated sky drains from afternoon gold to starlight in real time as you work. Wrong answers and hints burn extra daylight. If night falls...