Faint Bottom Echo Detection for Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Based on a Constrained Waveform Stacking Model (opens in new tab)

Airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB) is particularly suited for acquiring 3-D spatial information in shallow-water zones. However, its signal undergoes rapid attenuation in the water column, resulting in faint bottom echoes that are challenging to detect and directly limit the maximum bathymetric performance. To achieve the accurate extraction of these echoes, a faint bottom echo detection method based on a constrained waveform stacking model is proposed. The model employs distances between water-...