TiFM2.0 – versatile mechanical measurement and actuation in live embryos (opens in new tab)

ABSTRACTDuring development, spatial-temporally patterned tissue-level stresses and mechanical properties create diverse tissue shapes. To understand the mechanics of small-scale embryonic tissues, precisely controlled sensors and actuators are needed. Previously, we reported a control-based approach named tissue force microscopy (TiFM1.0), which combines dynamic positioning and imaging of an inserted cantilever probe to directly measure and impose forces in early avian embryos. Here, we prese...