Odd toric code in a tilted field: Higgs-confinement multicriticality, spontaneous self-duality symmetry breaking, and valence bond solids (opens in new tab)

Author(s): Umberto Borla, Ayush De, and Snir GazitWe investigate the quantum phase diagram of an “odd” variant of the two-dimensional Ising Fradkin-Shenker model, characterized by a uniform background of static $e$ and $m$ charges. Using large-scale tensor network and exact diagonalization methods, we determine the topology of the phase diagram, id…[Phys. Rev. B 113, 245134] Published Tue Jun 16, 2026