Superplatform: A framework to analyse and regulate Google’s online ad ecosystem (opens in new tab)

Acknowledgements Thank you, Frédéric Dubois, Kristian Bondo Hansen, Kylie Jarrett, Paul Langley, Monique de Jong McKenzie, Peter Mezei, Devika Narayan, Andrea Pollio, Gillian Tett, Carola Westermeier and especially David Nieborg, Gizem Gültekin Várkonyi, and Joao C. Magalhaes for valuable comments and criticism that made the paper better. Introduction The one search we can’t Google is how to approach Google itself – a company that runs the world’s largest online ad ecosystem. What exactly are...