From Waste To Watts: New Anode Materials Could Strengthen Microbial Fuel Cells (opens in new tab)

Microbial fuel cells can convert wastewater pollutants into electricity, but their performance depends heavily on the anode materials that support microbial biofilms and electron transfer. This review shows that biomass-derived carbons, nanostructured coatings, and hybrid anodes could improve power output and lower costs, but scale-up, durability, and real-wastewater performance remain major hurdles.