Genomic dialects: How amino acid properties and the second codon base shape the informational accents of life (opens in new tab)

Codon Usage Bias (CUB) is a fundamental feature of genomic architecture, reflecting a balance between mutational pressure and natural selection. We propose a "genomic dialects" framework, where species-specific CUB profiles represent "informational accents" constrained by biochemical and structural requirements. Utilizing a normalized informational index based on Shannons entropy, we analyzed CUB profiles for 18 amino acids across 1,406 species from the three domains of life. Linear models we...