A Visually Interpretable Histopathology-Based Immune Model Predicts T-effector Biology and Response to Immune checkpoint inhibition in Clear Cell Renal Cell Car... (opens in new tab)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are central to the treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), yet only a subset of patients derive durable benefit, and clinically deployable predictive biomarkers remain an unmet need. RNA-based T-effector signatures capture cytotoxic immune biology and have been associated with ICI response in clinical trial cohorts; however, their clinical implementation is limited by the marked spatial heterogeneity of ccRCC, as well as cost, long t...