Antithetic integral feedback control redesigned for improved dynamics and lower noise (opens in new tab)

Integral feedback enables perfect adaptation, but antithetic implementations can be slow and noisy. Filo et al. show that sensor-based antithetic integral feedback (sAIF) control yields effective proportional-integral (PI) behavior without adding a separate proportional module. Implemented in E. coli using split inteins, it improves disturbance rejection and noise in defined regimes.