Caffeine and physical performance in female intermittent sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis considering menstrual cycle phase (opens in new tab)

IntroductionFemale athletes remain underrepresented in caffeine-based performance research, and inconsistent menstrual cycle classification further limits generalization of the current evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of caffeine on physical performance in female athletes participating in intermittent sports and explored whether these effects differ between the menstrual cycle phases, within the constraints of the available literature.MethodsA systematic...