Prior copper intrauterine device use and reproductive outcomes after embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles: a propensity score–matched cohort study (opens in new tab)

BackgroundThe copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is a widely used long-term contraceptive method. However, whether prior Cu-IUD use, including long-term exposure, affects reproductive and neonatal outcomes after assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains unclear. This study evaluated the association between prior Cu-IUD use and outcomes after embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 62,422 embryo transfer cycles (27,692 fresh and 34,730 frozen–th...