Stage-dependent endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in osteogenic differentiation (opens in new tab)

Osteoporosis (OP) is primarily characterized by reduced bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and an increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. A central pathological feature of OP is the progressive impairment of osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix production in osteoblasts. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a pivotal organelle responsible for secretory protein folding, lipid/sterol biosynthesis, and intracellular Ca2+ storage, is subjected to a substantial secretory burden...