A guide for establishing patient-derived organoids from bile samples obtained during endoscopic procedures and performing gene expression knockdown (opens in new tab)

Bile represents a clinically accessible biological fluid that can mitigate major limitations associated with tissue-based sampling for the generation of organoid models to study hepatobiliary disease, including biliary tract cancers, where tissue availability is often limited. Importantly, bile can also enable the generation of non-malignant cholangiocyte organoids that are otherwise difficult to obtain. Here, we describe an operator-oriented, step-by-step protocol to generate organoids from ...