Beyond wound closure: translational opportunities and barriers of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in burn management (opens in new tab)

Burn injury management continues to present multiple clinical challenges, including infection, scar formation, and functional restoration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome (exosomes) have emerged as a cell-free therapy with multitarget potential in inflammation regulation, angiogenesis, epithelial regeneration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Rather than classifying by cell origin, this review is guided by clinical needs and translational pathways to propose a fram...