Tumor–immune metabolic tug-of-war: from immune escape to targeting metabolic rewiring in cancer therapy (opens in new tab)

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with nearly 20 million new cases and 9.7 million deaths reported in 2022. Projections estimate that annual incidence may increase to 35 million by 2050, underscoring cancer as both a biomedical challenge and a global socioeconomic burden. A key hallmark of malignancy that sustains this progression is metabolic reprogramming. Within the nutrient- and oxygen-deprived tumor microenvironment, cancer cells rewire their metabolism to gene...