Isorhamnetin Inhibits Migration and Promotes Apoptosis via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and the TIGIT/CD155 Axis in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells (opens in new tab)

BackgroundIsorhamnetin (ISO), a natural flavonoid derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated potential antitumor activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ISO on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodsCell viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Wound healing and colony formation assays were performed to assess migration and clonogenic ability. Intra...