From pathophysiology to therapy: molecular mechanisms of stem cell and extracellular vesicle-mediated repair in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (opens in new tab)

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent diabetic complication with limited effective treatments. While stem cell-based therapies show promise, their efficacy is attributed to paracrine activity, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review examines the molecular pathology of DPN, focusing on metabolic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neurovascular dysfunction. The mechanisms by which stem cells and their EVs counteract these processes are elucidated, including activ...