Decoding signaling crosstalk in pulpitis: pathogenesis and precision therapeutics (opens in new tab)

Irreversible pulpitis presents a complex pathological challenge, marked by severe inflammation within the low-compliance dentin chamber. Its progression to pulpal necrosis is governed by intricate molecular interactions. Hyperactivation of the TLR/NF-κB and MAPK pathways triggers a pro-inflammatory cascade, while HIF-1α accumulation under hypoxic conditions induces significant metabolic reprogramming. Meanwhile, the NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates tissue damage by promoting programmed cell dea...