A novel nutritional immune risk score model for long-term prognosis in colorectal cancer using clustering and principal component analysis (opens in new tab)

BackgroundSurvival outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often differ despite identical disease stages, partly due to variations in nutritional and immune status. Malnutrition can impair immune defense, exacerbate inflammatory responses, and influence tumor progression, ultimately contributing to a poorer prognosis. However, current clinical prognostic systems rarely integrate nutritional immune indicators with tumor biomarkers, limiting the application of nutritional intervent...