Alignment between healthy and sustainable diets: comparing the 2019 and 2025 adaptations of the planetary health diet with the healthy eating index in the Bavarian population (opens in new tab)

IntroductionGlobal food systems face the double challenge of ensuring human health and reducing environmental impacts. While the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) evaluates nutritional quality, the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) attempts to integrate ecological sustainability with healthy nutrition in its framework. This study assessed the agreement between the metric HEI-2015 (mHEI-2015) and two versions of a Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI-2019 and its updated version PHDI-2025), as well as their a...