Associations of diabetes mellitus with/without diabetic retinopathy and cognitive outcomes in older adults: the potential role of the dietary inflammatory index in a multi-dataset observational study (opens in new tab)

BackgroundCognitive impairment is common among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to examine the associations between DM with/without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and adverse cognitive outcomes in older adults, and to assess the potential role of the dietary inflammatory profile in these associations.MethodsThis observational study included older adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), UK Biobank (UKB), and the Wenzhou dataset. Cognitive...