Gut microbiota-liver-kidney axis in diabetic kidney disease: mechanistic insights into amino acid metabolism and nutritional intervention strategies targeting natural bioactive compounds (opens in new tab)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. Emerging research highlights the gut microbiota-gut-liver-kidney axis as a critical metabolic nexus linking dietary intake to DKD pathogenesis and progression. The gut microbiota, acting as a vast metabolic organ, transforms dietary components into key metabolites. Beneficial fermentation of fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which exert anti-inflammatory and renal protective effec...