The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index as a metabolic-nutritional biomarker for risk stratification in hospitalized heart failure patients (opens in new tab)

BackgroundInsulin resistance and dysregulated glucose-lipid metabolism contribute to adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF), yet existing metabolic indicators have limited utility for rapid risk stratification in critically ill patients. The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose (CHG) index may provide a convenient metabolic risk marker in hospitalized HF patients.MethodsThis study adopted a dual-cohort retrospective design. The training cohort included 1,391 patients from the MI...