Short-term glycemic variability and the risk of adverse ICU outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in new tab)

ObjectiveTo quantify associations between short-term glycemic variability (GV) metrics and multidimensional adverse outcomes in critically ill patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to August 16, 2025. We included observational studies of adult ICU patients reporting associations between short-term GV and adverse outcomes. Random-effects models were used for all meta-analyses. Where feasible, effect estimates were standardized to a relative risk (RR) com...