Serum vitamin D levels correlate with metabolic abnormalities and microalbuminuria in diabetic patients: a restricted cubic spline dose–response analysis (opens in new tab)

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the dose–response associations of serum vitamin D levels with metabolic parameters and microalbuminuria (ACR) in diabetic patients, to identify the critical clinical threshold of vitamin D for renal and metabolic benefits, and to clarify the population heterogeneity of these associations stratified by microalbuminuria status.MethodsA total of 485 diabetic patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into four groups according to vitamin D quartiles: ...