Content and face validity of a food frequency questionnaire for the assessment of ultra-processed food consumption in the Italian adult population: a pilot stud... (opens in new tab)

BackgroundThe multidimensional complexity of dietary intake, coupled with the current uncertainty around the Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) concept, underscores the need for tailored, valid, and reliable dietary assessment tools. This pilot study assessed face and content validity of the novel modified NOVA Food Frequency Questionnaire (mNOVA FFQ), designed to assess UPF consumption among Italian adults, to finalize a version for subsequent testing.MethodsA sample of 52 Italian volunteers from ...