Feature-based clustering of hemoglobin trajectories and subsequent risk of end-stage kidney disease in stages 3–4 CKD: a landmark analysis (opens in new tab)

BackgroundAnemia and protein-energy wasting (PEW) are common complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are associated with disease progression. However, the prognostic significance of longitudinal hemoglobin (Hb) trajectory patterns, particularly in the context of nutritional status, remains unclear. This study aimed to identify distinct Hb trajectories in CKD stages 3–4 patients and evaluate their associations with renal outcomes, employing a dual analytical approach: exploratory ana...