The beef terroir: moving from a commodity and its role in human evolution to a new paradigm of health, epigenetics, and sustainability: a review (opens in new tab)

Red meat intake has been associated with the evolutionary journey of human beings, shaping metabolic pathways, cognitive development, and social complexity. Beyond its role as a nutrient source, meat, beef particularly, represents a biologically complex matrix whose composition reflects the ecological and production contexts in which the animal was raised. This review integrates evidence from evolutionary biology, nutritional science, epigenetics, and metabolomics to reframe the role of beef ...