Vitamin D and sudden sensorineural hearing loss: emerging associations, mechanistic insights, and prospects for precision medicine — a review (opens in new tab)

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a rapid hearing decline of ≥30 dB across at least three contiguous frequencies within 72 h, with a multifactorial etiology encompassing vascular, viral, autoimmune, and metabolic mechanisms. Beyond its classical role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D exerts broad biological effects, including immunomodulation, antioxidant defense, endothelial protection, and neuroprotection, which may collectively preserve inner ear functi...