Effects of combined protein and probiotic supplementation on physical performance and body composition: a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis of randomized contro... (opens in new tab)

BackgroundProtein supplementation is widely used to support muscle adaptation. Probiotics may also improve nutrient use, gut health, and recovery. However, evidence on their combined effects remains inconsistent. This study examined the effects of protein-plus-probiotic supplementation on physical performance and body composition using Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis.MethodThis review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO and conducted according to PRISMA. Randomized controlled trials in...