Association between vitamin D deficiency and incident varicose veins: a propensity score-matched cohort study (opens in new tab)

BackgroundEvidence linking vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to varicose veins remains limited and largely derived from small or cross-sectional studies. We examined whether VDD is associated with incident varicose veins in a large real-world cohort.MethodsUsing the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, we conducted a retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study of adults aged ≥40 years with at least two serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurements between 2010 and 2023. VDD was defined a...