From lobotomy to connectomics: a critical review of contemporary psychosurgery (opens in new tab)

Contemporary psychosurgery is increasingly regarded less as an invasive surgical discipline and more as a circuit-based medicine. This narrative critical review traces the evolution from the extensive frontal lesions of the early twentieth century to contemporary techniques, in which focal ablation and reversible neuromodulation form part of a shared therapeutic armamentarium. Building on the classical history—from trephinations and lobotomies to stereotaxy—we outline a functional neuroanatom...