Functional connectivity gradients of the insula in major depressive disorder (opens in new tab)

IntroductionThe insula, as a key component of the salience network, plays a crucial role in cognition, emotion regulation, and interoception. Functional abnormalities in the insula have been consistently reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). While prior research has examined functional connectivity gradients in MDD at the whole-brain and network levels, and has characterized insular gradient organization in healthy individuals and related affective disorders, the specific...