Case Report: Multimodal clinical and neurophysiological effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in a patient with chronic stress and sleep disturbance (opens in new tab)

IntroductionCranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) is a non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique used for anxiety and sleep disorders; however, case-level evidence linking clinical improvement with objective neurophysiological change remains limited. This case presents a multimodal examination of the therapeutic and neurophysiological effects of CES in a patient with sleep disturbances and chronic stress.MethodsA 51-year-old woman with chronic stress, anxiety, and persistent sleep di...