External factors show reproducible local symptom-biomarker associations in middle-aged and older adults with heart disease (opens in new tab)

BackgroundDepression in middle-aged and older adults with heart disease is clinically heterogeneous, but this heterogeneity is often assessed using total symptom scores or symptom-only approaches. We examined whether multimorbidity burden, caregiving status, and sex were associated with a joint depressive symptom-biomarker network and whether the main patterns were reproducible in an independent hospital cohort.MethodsWe analyzed 1,685 participants with heart disease from the China Health and...