Simplicity gets complex quickly (opens in new tab)

The thread of Neumann's career runs back to that breakfast with Einstein. Multics, PSOS, IDES, SEN, RISKS, CHERI—each was an argument that complexity in computing is not merely an engineering nuisance but a moral problem, because complex systems hide their failures and harm their users in ways simpler systems do not. In Memoriam: Peter G. Neumann (1932-2026)