Immunosenescence in systemic and multi-organ aging: mechanisms, inter-organ crosstalk, and translational opportunities (opens in new tab)

Aging is increasingly viewed as an organism-wide process marked by systemic decline and multimorbidity. This Review frames immunosenescence as a context-dependent mediator, amplifier, or consequence of multi-organ dysfunction, integrating niche-centered mechanisms, bidirectional immune–organ interactions, innate–adaptive remodeling, immune–tissue axes, and multidimensional biomarkers. We also highlight current limitations, including context heterogeneity and unresolved causality, and discuss ...