A discrete element model for rock pressure sensitivity and stress-driven contact stiffness evolution (opens in new tab)

With the rapid development of deep buried traffic tunnels, underground space utilization, and global energy resource extraction, the scale of deep underground engineering continues to expand. These trends place increasing demands on understanding the mechanical behavior of rock under high in-situ stress conditions. However, traditional discrete element models, constrained by constant stiffness assumptions, often over-linearize the compaction stage and have difficulty capturing tangent modulus...