Tool life and surface quality in GTD-450 milling under dry, MQL, and nanofluid-MQL strategies (opens in new tab)

The machining of iron–nickel-based alloys, such as GTD-450, presents substantial tribological challenges arising from their high-temperature strength and low thermal conductivity. These material characteristics induce rapid tool wear and compromised surface integrity across a range of manufacturing operations. Consequently, improving the machinability of GTD-450 constitutes a critical research imperative, particularly given the limited literature on this alloy despite its widespread industria...